Guide · updated 1 September 2026
Guides
How WhatsApp conversations are exported, certified and used in Indian proceedings. Written to be useful on their own, whether or not you use the tool.
Verifying the hash, step by stepThe exact commands to recompute a SHA-256 hash on Windows, macOS and Linux, what a match proves, and what to do when it does not match.
Challenging chat evidence: a checklistThe grounds on which chat evidence is attacked in Indian proceedings: certificate defects, provenance, completeness, attribution and alteration.
“Media omitted”: what it meansWhy a WhatsApp export says media omitted, whether the files can be recovered, and how to take an export that includes them.
Photographs, voice notes and documentsHow attachments from a WhatsApp conversation are produced in Indian proceedings, why each file needs its own hash, and how media is tied back to the transcript.
Who can sign Part BThe expert certificate under Section 63(4) BSA, the Section 79A question, and what the Supreme Court decided — and expressly did not decide — in 2026.
Group chats, attribution and third partiesThe particular problems of group conversations in evidence: who said what, participants who are strangers to the dispute, and what to redact.
The limits of a WhatsApp exportThe honest limits of chat evidence: deleted and disappearing messages, edited messages, forwarding, read receipts and what an export is not.
From Section 65B to Section 63What the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 changed for electronic evidence certificates, and what carried over from Section 65B of the Evidence Act.
This guide explains procedure and states the law as we understand it. It is not legal advice, and Aarohan Enterprises is not a law firm. Whether a court admits a particular record, and what weight it gives it, is for that court to decide. Have an advocate settle anything you intend to file.
Prepare one now
Section63 builds this document from your export.
Drop in the .txt or .zip WhatsApp gives you and read the whole
exhibit — transcript, Part A, Part B, Schedules and the integrity checks — before you pay.
More guides
Verifying the hash, step by stepThe exact commands to recompute a SHA-256 hash on Windows, macOS and Linux, what a match proves, and what to do when it does not match.
Challenging chat evidence: a checklistThe grounds on which chat evidence is attacked in Indian proceedings: certificate defects, provenance, completeness, attribution and alteration.
“Media omitted”: what it meansWhy a WhatsApp export says media omitted, whether the files can be recovered, and how to take an export that includes them.
Photographs, voice notes and documentsHow attachments from a WhatsApp conversation are produced in Indian proceedings, why each file needs its own hash, and how media is tied back to the transcript.
Who can sign Part BThe expert certificate under Section 63(4) BSA, the Section 79A question, and what the Supreme Court decided — and expressly did not decide — in 2026.
Group chats, attribution and third partiesThe particular problems of group conversations in evidence: who said what, participants who are strangers to the dispute, and what to redact.
The limits of a WhatsApp exportThe honest limits of chat evidence: deleted and disappearing messages, edited messages, forwarding, read receipts and what an export is not.
From Section 65B to Section 63What the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 changed for electronic evidence certificates, and what carried over from Section 65B of the Evidence Act.